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+---
+layout: post
+title:  Monitoring Correct Memory Usage in Fluent Bit
+date:   2023-08-09 16:19:00 Europe/Amsterdam
+categories: fluentd fluentbit memory
+---
+
+Previously, I have used [Prometheus' node_exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter) to monitor the memory usage of my servers.
+However, I am currently in the process of moving away from Prometheus to a new Monioring stack.
+While I understand the advantages, I felt like Prometheus' pull architecture does not scale nicely.
+Everytime I spin up a new machine, I would have to centrally change Prometheus' configuration in order for it to query the new server.
+
+In order to collect metrics from my servers, I am now using [Fluent Bit](https://fluentbit.io/).
+I love Fluent Bit's way of configuration which I can easily express as code and automate, its focus on effiency and being vendor agnostic.
+However, I have stumbled upon one, in my opinion, big issue with Fluent Bit: its `mem` plugin to monitor memory usage is _completely_ useless.
+In this post I will go over the problem and my temporary solution.
+
+# The Problem with Fluent Bit's `mem` Plugin
+
+As can be seen in [the documentation](https://docs.fluentbit.io/manual/pipeline/inputs/memory-metrics), Fluent Bit's `mem` input plugin exposes a few metrics regarding memory usage which should be self-explaining: `Mem.total`, `Mem.used`, `Mem.free`, `Swap.total`, `Swap.used` and `Swap.free`.
+The problem is that `Mem.used` and `Mem.free` do not accurately reflect the machine's actual memory usage.
+This is because these metrics include caches and buffers, which can be reclaimed by other processes if needed.
+Most tools reporting memory usage therefore include an additional metric that specifices the memory _available_ on the system.
+For example, the command `free -m` reports the following data on my laptop:
+```
+               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
+Mem:           15864        3728        7334         518        5647       12136
+Swap:           2383         663        1720
+```
+
+Notice that the `available` memory is more than `free` memory.
+
+While the issue is known (see [this](https://github.com/fluent/fluent-bit/pull/3092) and [this](https://github.com/fluent/fluent-bit/pull/5237) link), it is unfortunately not yet fixed.
+
+# A Temporary Solution
+
+The issues I linked previously provide stand-alone plugins that fix the problem, which will hopefully be merged in the official project at some point.
+However, I didn't want to install another plugin so I used Fluent Bit's `exec` input plugin and the `free` Linux command to query memory usage like so:
+```conf
+[INPUT]
+    Name exec
+    Tag memory
+    Command free -m | tail -2 | tr '\n' ' '
+    Interval_Sec 1
+```
+
+To interpret the command's output, I created the following filter:
+```conf
+[FILTER]
+    Name parser
+    Match memory
+    Key_Name exec
+    Parser free
+```
+
+Lastly, I created the following parser (warning: regex shitcode incoming):
+```conf
+[PARSER]
+    Name free
+    Format regex
+    Regex ^Mem:\s+(?<mem_total>\d+)\s+(?<mem_used>\d+)\s+(?<mem_free>\d+)\s+(?<mem_shared>\d+)\s+(?<mem_buff_cache>\d+)\s+(?<mem_available>\d+) Swap:\s+(?<swap_total>\d+)\s+(?<swap_used>\d+)\s+(?<swap_free>\d+)
+    Types mem_total:integer mem_used:integer mem_free:integer mem_shared:integer mem_buff_cache:integer mem_available:integer swap_total:integer swap_used:integer
+```
+
+With this configuration, you can use the `mem_available` metric to get accurate memory usage in Fluent Bit.
+
+# Conclusion
+
+Let's hope Fluent Bit's `mem` input plugin is improved upon soon so this hacky solution is not needed.
+I also intend to document my new monitoring pipeline, which at the moment consists of:
+- Fluent Bit
+- Fluentd
+- Elasticsearch
+- Grafana